The United Nations maintains international peace and security. With reference to its organs and agencies, answer the following questions:

(i) The Security Council consists of 15 members.

1. It has five permanent members —
   1. China
   2. France
   3. Russia
   4. Britain
   5. The United States of America
2. The regional representation of the ten non-permanent members is:
   • Afro-Asian countries — 5
   • Latin American countries — 2
   • West European and other countries — 2
   • East European countries — 1.
3. The ten non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly by a two-third majority for a term of two years.
4. A retiring member is not eligible for immediate re-election.
5. The Presidency of the Council rotates monthly, according to the English alphabetical listing of its member States.

(ii) Three functions of the International Court of Justice are:

1. The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.
2. The Court settles, in accordance with international law, the legal disputes submitted to it by the States.
3. It gives advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by duly authorised international organs and agencies.

(iii) Four functions of WHO are as follows:

1. It helps countries to improve their health system by building up infrastructure especially manpower, institutions and services for the individual and community.
2. It gives important drugs needed for medical care. The WHO launched a programme to immunise children against six major diseases - Measles, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Polio and Whooping Cough.
3. It promotes research to cure and prevent diseases. For example, it arranged for the investigation of cancer and heart diseases in laboratories in many countries to identify disease-causing organisms, to improve vaccines and to train research workers.
4. It works towards providing safe drinking water and adequate waste disposal. The decade 1981-1990 was declared as the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade.