4(a)
Differentiate between the following pairs based on the information given in the brackets.
(i) Conductor and electrolyte (conducting particles)
(ii) Cations and anions (formation from an atom)
(iii) Acid and Alkali (formation of type of ions)
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(i) Difference between Conductor and electrolyte (conducting particles):
| Conductor | Electrolyte |
|---|---|
| The flow of electricity takes place by flow of electrons which have negligible mass. | The flow of electricity takes place by flow of ions which are denser compared to electrons. |
(ii) Difference between Cations and anions (formation from an atom):
| Cations | Anions |
|---|---|
| Metallic atoms having 1, 2, 3 valence electrons tend to donate the valence electron on ionization and become positive ions called cations. | Non-metallic atoms having 4, 5, 6 or 7 valence electrons tend to accept electrons on ionization and become negative ions called anions. |
(iii) Difference between Acid and Alkali (formation of type of ions):
| Acid | Alkali |
|---|---|
| An acid is a compound which when dissolved in water yields hydronium ions [H3O+] as the only positively charged ion. | An alkali is a compound which when dissolved in water yields hydroxyl ions [OH-] as the only negatively charged ions. |