Answer the following questions:
(i) How will you distinguish between Ammonium hydroxide and Sodium hydroxide using copper sulphate solution?
(ii) How will you distinguish between dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulphuric acid using lead nitrate solution?
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(i) With Sodium hydroxide, copper sulphate (CuSO4) solution forms a pale blue precipitate which is insoluble in excess of sodium hydroxide and with ammonium hydroxide it forms a pale blue precipitate which dissolves in excess of ammonium hydroxide and forms a deep/inky blue solution.
(ii) Sulphuric acid forms a white precipitate with lead nitrate solution. This precipitate does not dissolve on warming the reaction mixture.
H2SO4 (dil.) + Pb(NO3)2 ⟶ 2HNO3 + PbSO4 ↓ [white ppt. formed which does not dissolve on warming the mixture].
Hydrochloric acid forms a white precipitate with lead nitrate solution. This precipitate dissolves on warming the reaction mixture so as to form clear solution.
2HCl (dil.) + Pb(NO3)2 ⟶ 2HNO3 + PbCl2 ↓ [white ppt. formed which dissolves on warming the mixture].
Hence, dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulphuric acid can be distinguished using lead nitrate solution.