The world wars marked a turning point in the history of the world. With reference to this period, answer the following questions:

(a) Three similarities between the ideologies of Fascism and Nazism are given below:

1. Both Fascism and Nazism were supporters of one party and one leader — Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany.
2. They were dictators through and through. No one could challenge the authority of the leader of the party. Both Mussolini and Hitler had all the military and civil powers and nobody could criticise them.
3. Both Fascism and Nazism preferred the state as compared to the individual. The individual exists only for the State.

(b) Three consequences of the Second World War are given below:

1. It caused a colossal loss of life and property and led to the end of dictatorship in Europe, as both Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany fell.
2. It led to the rise of the USA and the USSR as two rival superpowers, which resulted in the Cold War.
3. It led to the establishment of the United Nations Organisation (UNO) to maintain peace and security in the world.

(c) Four causes of the Second World War are given below:

1. The harsh and humiliating Treaty of Versailles, which created bitterness among the Germans.
2. The rise of dictatorship — Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany — with their aggressive and imperialist policies.
3. The failure of the League of Nations to check aggression and maintain peace.
4. The immediate cause was the invasion (conquest) of Poland by Hitler.