(a) Define abstraction.

Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanation.

(b) Differentiate between searching and sorting.

Searching	Sorting
Searching means to search for a term or value in an array.	Sorting means to arrange the elements of the array in ascending or descending order.
Linear search and Binary search are examples of search techniques.	Bubble sort and Selection sort are examples of sorting techniques.

(c) Write a difference between the functions isUpperCase( ) and toUpperCase( ).

isUpperCase( )	toUpperCase( )
isUpperCase( ) function checks if a given character is in uppercase or not.	toUpperCase( ) function converts a given character to uppercase.
Its return type is boolean.	Its return type is char.

(d) How are private members of a class different from public members?

private members of a class can only be accessed by other member methods of the same class whereas public members of a class can be accessed by methods of other classes as well.

(e) Classify the following as primitive or non-primitive datatypes:

1. char
2. arrays
3. int
4. classes

1. Primitive
2. Non-Primitive
3. Primitive
4. Non-Primitive