(a) What is meant by precedence of operators?

Precedence of operators refers to the order in which the operators are applied to the operands in an expression.

(b) What is a literal?

Literals are data items that are fixed data values. Java provides different types of literals like:

1. Integer Literals
2. Floating-Point Literals
3. Boolean Literals
4. Character Literals
5. String Literals
6. null Literal

(c) State the Java concept that is implemented through:

1. a superclass and a subclass.
2. the act of representing essential features without including background details.

1. Inheritance
2. Abstraction

(d) Give a difference between a constructor and a method.

Constructor has the same name as class name whereas function should have a different name than class name.

(e) What are the types of casting shown by the following examples?

1. double x = 15.2;
   int y = (int) x;

2. int x = 12;
   long y = x;

1. Explicit Type Casting
2. Implicit Type Casting